清理鑄件
去除(chu)型(xing)(xing)砂(sha)(sha)(sha):對于采用(yong)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)型(xing)(xing)鑄造(zao)的(de)(de)不銹鋼(gang)鑄件(jian),首先要(yao)去除(chu)表面的(de)(de)型(xing)(xing)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)。可(ke)(ke)使(shi)用(yong)振動(dong)落(luo)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)機,通過振動(dong)使(shi)型(xing)(xing)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)脫落(luo)。對于一些復雜(za)形狀或(huo)附著較牢的(de)(de)型(xing)(xing)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)部分,可(ke)(ke)能(neng)還需要(yao)借助風鏟、砂(sha)(sha)(sha)輪(lun)等(deng)工具(ju)進行(xing)清(qing)理。切(qie)除(chu)澆冒口:澆冒口是在鑄造(zao)過程(cheng)中用(yong)于澆注金屬液(ye)和(he)補縮的(de)(de)部分,在鑄件(jian)凝固(gu)后需要(yao)切(qie)除(chu)。可(ke)(ke)以使(shi)用(yong)切(qie)割鋸(ju)、氣割等(deng)方法。如對于小型(xing)(xing)不銹鋼(gang)鑄件(jian),使(shi)用(yong)高速切(qie)割鋸(ju)能(neng)保證(zheng)切(qie)口較平整;對于較大的(de)(de)鑄件(jian),氧(yang) - 乙(yi)炔氣割比較常用(yong),但氣割后可(ke)(ke)能(neng)需要(yao)進一步打磨處理切(qie)口。清(qing)理毛(mao)刺和(he)飛(fei)邊:鑄件(jian)表面的(de)(de)毛(mao)刺和(he)飛(fei)邊會影響其外觀和(he)尺寸精(jing)度(du)。可(ke)(ke)以用(yong)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)輪(lun)機、銼刀等(deng)工具(ju)進行(xing)打磨清(qing)理。對于一些精(jing)細部位,使(shi)用(yong)小型(xing)(xing)手持(chi)電動(dong)工具(ju)進行(xing)精(jing)細打磨,以獲得光(guang)滑的(de)(de)表面。
熱處理
固溶處理:目的是(shi)使(shi)不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)中(zhong)的碳(tan)化物等合金(jin)元(yuan)素溶解在(zai)奧氏體(ti)中(zhong)。通常(chang)將(jiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件加(jia)熱(re)到 1050 - 1150℃(不同不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)型號(hao)溫度(du)略(lve)有差異),保持一(yi)定(ding)時間后(hou)迅(xun)速(su)冷卻,一(yi)般是(shi)水冷。例如(ru),304 不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件在(zai)經過固溶處理后(hou),能(neng)夠提(ti)高(gao)其耐(nai)腐蝕(shi)性和(he)韌性。時效處理:一(yi)些沉淀硬(ying)化型不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件需要(yao)進行時效處理,以析(xi)出(chu)強化相,提(ti)高(gao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件的強度(du)和(he)硬(ying)度(du)。在(zai)較低溫度(du)(一(yi)般 400 - 600℃)下長時間保溫,使(shi)合金(jin)中(zhong)的第(di)二相沉淀析(xi)出(chu),如(ru) 17 - 4PH 不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件經過時效處理后(hou),其機械(xie)性能(neng)會得到顯著改善。
表面處理
拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)處(chu)(chu)理(li):機(ji)械拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang):利用(yong)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)輪(lun)和拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)膏對鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)進行打(da)磨(mo),使(shi)(shi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)達到光(guang)(guang)亮(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)輪(lun)一(yi)般采用(yong)布輪(lun)、氈(zhan)輪(lun)等(deng)軟(ruan)性材(cai)料(liao),拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)膏根(gen)據鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要求選擇不同(tong)粒(li)度和成分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產品。例(li)如(ru)(ru),對于(yu)要求高(gao)鏡(jing)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)光(guang)(guang)澤的(de)(de)(de)(de)不銹鋼裝飾(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian),需要經過(guo)多道(dao)精細的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)工序(xu)。電解拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang):以(yi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)陽極,在特(te)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電解液中(zhong)通過(guo)電解作用(yong),使(shi)(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)微觀凸起部(bu)分(fen)溶解,從而獲得(de)平(ping)整光(guang)(guang)亮(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。這種方法(fa)適(shi)合處(chu)(chu)理(li)形狀復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)不銹鋼鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian),并且能夠有(you)效去除表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)微小瑕疵(ci)。鈍(dun)(dun)化(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)理(li):將不銹鋼鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)浸(jin)泡在鈍(dun)(dun)化(hua)(hua)液(如(ru)(ru)硝酸、檸(ning)檬酸等(deng)溶液)中(zhong),使(shi)(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)形成一(yi)層致密的(de)(de)(de)(de)鈍(dun)(dun)化(hua)(hua)膜,增強其耐(nai)腐蝕性。例(li)如(ru)(ru),316 不銹鋼鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)經過(guo)鈍(dun)(dun)化(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)理(li)后,在一(yi)些(xie)腐蝕性環境(如(ru)(ru)海洋環境)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)腐蝕能力(li)(li)提高(gao)。噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)處(chu)(chu)理(li):通過(guo)壓縮空(kong)氣將磨(mo)料(liao)(如(ru)(ru)石(shi)英砂(sha)(sha)(sha)、剛(gang)玉砂(sha)(sha)(sha)等(deng))高(gao)速(su)噴(pen)射到鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),去除表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)皮(pi)、污垢等(deng),同(tong)時可以(yi)使(shi)(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)獲得(de)均(jun)勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)糙度,用(yong)于(yu)一(yi)些(xie)需要增加涂(tu)層附著力(li)(li)或(huo)者有(you)特(te)殊質感要求的(de)(de)(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)。