清理鑄件

去除(chu)(chu)型(xing)(xing)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)：對(dui)(dui)于(yu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)型(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造的(de)(de)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)，首先要去除(chu)(chu)表面(mian)的(de)(de)型(xing)(xing)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)。可使(shi)用(yong)(yong)振(zhen)動落(luo)(luo)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)機，通過振(zhen)動使(shi)型(xing)(xing)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)脫落(luo)(luo)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)復雜形狀(zhuang)或(huo)附著較(jiao)(jiao)牢的(de)(de)型(xing)(xing)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)部分(fen)，可能還需(xu)要借助風鏟、砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)輪(lun)等工具(ju)進(jin)行(xing)清(qing)理。切除(chu)(chu)澆(jiao)冒(mao)口(kou)(kou)：澆(jiao)冒(mao)口(kou)(kou)是在(zai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造過程中用(yong)(yong)于(yu)澆(jiao)注金屬(shu)液和(he)(he)補縮的(de)(de)部分(fen)，在(zai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)凝(ning)固后(hou)需(xu)要切除(chu)(chu)。可以(yi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)切割(ge)(ge)(ge)鋸、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)割(ge)(ge)(ge)等方法。如對(dui)(dui)于(yu)小型(xing)(xing)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)高(gao)速切割(ge)(ge)(ge)鋸能保證切口(kou)(kou)較(jiao)(jiao)平(ping)整；對(dui)(dui)于(yu)較(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)，氧(yang) - 乙炔氣(qi)(qi)(qi)割(ge)(ge)(ge)比較(jiao)(jiao)常用(yong)(yong)，但氣(qi)(qi)(qi)割(ge)(ge)(ge)后(hou)可能需(xu)要進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步打(da)磨(mo)處理切口(kou)(kou)。清(qing)理毛刺和(he)(he)飛邊(bian)：鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)表面(mian)的(de)(de)毛刺和(he)(he)飛邊(bian)會影響其外觀和(he)(he)尺寸(cun)精度。可以(yi)用(yong)(yong)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)輪(lun)機、銼刀等工具(ju)進(jin)行(xing)打(da)磨(mo)清(qing)理。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)精細(xi)部位，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)小型(xing)(xing)手持電動工具(ju)進(jin)行(xing)精細(xi)打(da)磨(mo)，以(yi)獲(huo)得(de)光滑的(de)(de)表面(mian)。

熱處理

固(gu)溶(rong)處理(li)(li)：目(mu)的是使不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼中(zhong)的碳化(hua)(hua)物等合金(jin)元(yuan)素(su)溶(rong)解在(zai)奧(ao)氏體中(zhong)。通常將鑄件(jian)(jian)加熱(re)到 1050 - 1150℃（不(bu)同不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼型號溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)略有(you)差(cha)異），保(bao)持一(yi)定時(shi)(shi)間后(hou)迅速(su)冷(leng)卻，一(yi)般(ban)是水冷(leng)。例(li)如，304 不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼鑄件(jian)(jian)在(zai)經(jing)過固(gu)溶(rong)處理(li)(li)后(hou)，能夠提高其(qi)耐腐(fu)蝕性(xing)和(he)韌性(xing)。時(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)處理(li)(li)：一(yi)些(xie)沉(chen)淀(dian)硬化(hua)(hua)型不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼鑄件(jian)(jian)需(xu)要進行(xing)時(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)處理(li)(li)，以析出強化(hua)(hua)相，提高鑄件(jian)(jian)的強度(du)(du)(du)和(he)硬度(du)(du)(du)。在(zai)較(jiao)低溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)（一(yi)般(ban) 400 - 600℃）下(xia)長時(shi)(shi)間保(bao)溫(wen)，使合金(jin)中(zhong)的第二相沉(chen)淀(dian)析出，如 17 - 4PH 不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼鑄件(jian)(jian)經(jing)過時(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)處理(li)(li)后(hou)，其(qi)機械性(xing)能會得(de)到顯著改善。

表面處理

拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)處(chu)理(li)：機械(xie)拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)：利(li)用(yong)(yong)拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)輪(lun)和拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)膏對鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)進(jin)行打(da)磨，使(shi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)達到(dao)光(guang)亮的(de)(de)。拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)輪(lun)一般采用(yong)(yong)布輪(lun)、氈(zhan)輪(lun)等軟性材料，拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)膏根(gen)據鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)選擇不同粒度和成分(fen)的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)。例(li)如(ru)(ru)，對于(yu)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)高鏡(jing)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)光(guang)澤的(de)(de)不銹(xiu)鋼裝(zhuang)飾(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)，需(xu)要(yao)經(jing)過(guo)多道精細的(de)(de)機械(xie)拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)工序。電解拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)：以鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)為陽極，在(zai)特(te)定的(de)(de)電解液中(zhong)通過(guo)電解作用(yong)(yong)，使(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)微(wei)觀凸(tu)起部分(fen)溶(rong)(rong)解，從(cong)而獲(huo)得(de)平整光(guang)亮的(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。這種方法適合處(chu)理(li)形(xing)(xing)狀復(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)不銹(xiu)鋼鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)，并且(qie)能(neng)夠有(you)效(xiao)去(qu)除表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)微(wei)小瑕疵(ci)。鈍(dun)(dun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)：將(jiang)不銹(xiu)鋼鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)浸(jin)泡(pao)在(zai)鈍(dun)(dun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)液（如(ru)(ru)硝酸、檸檬酸等溶(rong)(rong)液）中(zhong)，使(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)形(xing)(xing)成一層致密(mi)的(de)(de)鈍(dun)(dun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)膜，增(zeng)強(qiang)其(qi)耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)性。例(li)如(ru)(ru)，316 不銹(xiu)鋼鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)經(jing)過(guo)鈍(dun)(dun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)后(hou)，在(zai)一些腐(fu)蝕(shi)性環(huan)境（如(ru)(ru)海洋環(huan)境）中(zhong)的(de)(de)抗腐(fu)蝕(shi)能(neng)力提(ti)高。噴砂處(chu)理(li)：通過(guo)壓縮(suo)空氣將(jiang)磨料（如(ru)(ru)石英(ying)砂、剛玉砂等）高速噴射(she)到(dao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，去(qu)除表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)皮(pi)、污垢等，同時可以使(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)獲(huo)得(de)均(jun)勻(yun)的(de)(de)粗糙(cao)度，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)一些需(xu)要(yao)增(zeng)加涂層附著(zhu)力或(huo)者有(you)特(te)殊(shu)質感要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)。