清理鑄件

去除型砂(sha)(sha)(sha)：對于采用(yong)(yong)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)型鑄造的(de)不銹鋼(gang)鑄件(jian)(jian)，首先要去除表面的(de)型砂(sha)(sha)(sha)。可(ke)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)落砂(sha)(sha)(sha)機，通(tong)過振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)使(shi)(shi)型砂(sha)(sha)(sha)脫落。對于一些(xie)復雜形狀或附(fu)著較(jiao)牢的(de)型砂(sha)(sha)(sha)部分，可(ke)能還(huan)需(xu)要借助風鏟、砂(sha)(sha)(sha)輪等工具(ju)(ju)進(jin)行清(qing)理(li)。切(qie)除澆(jiao)(jiao)冒(mao)口：澆(jiao)(jiao)冒(mao)口是在鑄造過程中用(yong)(yong)于澆(jiao)(jiao)注金屬(shu)液和補(bu)縮的(de)部分，在鑄件(jian)(jian)凝固(gu)后需(xu)要切(qie)除。可(ke)以(yi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)切(qie)割(ge)(ge)鋸、氣(qi)割(ge)(ge)等方法。如對于小(xiao)型不銹鋼(gang)鑄件(jian)(jian)，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)高速切(qie)割(ge)(ge)鋸能保證切(qie)口較(jiao)平整；對于較(jiao)大的(de)鑄件(jian)(jian)，氧 - 乙炔氣(qi)割(ge)(ge)比較(jiao)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)，但氣(qi)割(ge)(ge)后可(ke)能需(xu)要進(jin)一步(bu)打磨(mo)處(chu)理(li)切(qie)口。清(qing)理(li)毛刺和飛邊：鑄件(jian)(jian)表面的(de)毛刺和飛邊會影響其外(wai)觀(guan)和尺寸精度(du)。可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)輪機、銼刀等工具(ju)(ju)進(jin)行打磨(mo)清(qing)理(li)。對于一些(xie)精細部位，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)小(xiao)型手持(chi)電動(dong)(dong)工具(ju)(ju)進(jin)行精細打磨(mo)，以(yi)獲得光(guang)滑的(de)表面。

熱處理

固溶處理(li)：目的是(shi)(shi)使不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)中的碳化物等合金(jin)元素(su)溶解在(zai)奧氏體中。通常將(jiang)鑄件(jian)(jian)加熱到(dao)(dao) 1050 - 1150℃（不(bu)同不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)型號溫(wen)度略有差(cha)異），保持一(yi)(yi)定(ding)時(shi)間(jian)后迅(xun)速冷卻，一(yi)(yi)般是(shi)(shi)水冷。例如，304 不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)鑄件(jian)(jian)在(zai)經(jing)過固溶處理(li)后，能夠提(ti)高(gao)其耐腐蝕性(xing)和(he)韌性(xing)。時(shi)效(xiao)處理(li)：一(yi)(yi)些沉(chen)淀硬(ying)化型不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)鑄件(jian)(jian)需(xu)要進行時(shi)效(xiao)處理(li)，以析出(chu)強(qiang)化相(xiang)，提(ti)高(gao)鑄件(jian)(jian)的強(qiang)度和(he)硬(ying)度。在(zai)較低溫(wen)度（一(yi)(yi)般 400 - 600℃）下長時(shi)間(jian)保溫(wen)，使合金(jin)中的第二相(xiang)沉(chen)淀析出(chu)，如 17 - 4PH 不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)鑄件(jian)(jian)經(jing)過時(shi)效(xiao)處理(li)后，其機械(xie)性(xing)能會得到(dao)(dao)顯(xian)著改善。

表面處理

拋(pao)光處(chu)理：機械拋(pao)光：利用(yong)(yong)拋(pao)光輪(lun)(lun)和(he)(he)拋(pao)光膏(gao)對鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)面進行打磨，使(shi)(shi)表(biao)(biao)面達到光亮(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。拋(pao)光輪(lun)(lun)一(yi)般采用(yong)(yong)布輪(lun)(lun)、氈輪(lun)(lun)等(deng)(deng)軟性(xing)材料，拋(pao)光膏(gao)根據鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)面要(yao)求(qiu)選擇(ze)不同(tong)粒度和(he)(he)成(cheng)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品。例(li)如，對于要(yao)求(qiu)高(gao)鏡面光澤(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)裝飾鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，需(xu)要(yao)經過多道精細的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機械拋(pao)光工序。電(dian)(dian)解拋(pao)光：以鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為陽(yang)極，在特定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)中通過電(dian)(dian)解作用(yong)(yong)，使(shi)(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)面微觀凸(tu)起部分溶(rong)解，從而獲(huo)得(de)平(ping)整光亮(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)面。這種方法適(shi)合處(chu)理形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，并且能(neng)夠有(you)效(xiao)去除(chu)表(biao)(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微小瑕疵。鈍(dun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理：將不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)浸(jin)泡在鈍(dun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)液(ye)(ye)（如硝酸、檸檬酸等(deng)(deng)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)）中，使(shi)(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)面形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)層致密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鈍(dun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)膜，增強其耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)。例(li)如，316 不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)經過鈍(dun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理后，在一(yi)些腐蝕(shi)性(xing)環(huan)境（如海洋環(huan)境）中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)腐蝕(shi)能(neng)力提高(gao)。噴砂(sha)處(chu)理：通過壓縮空(kong)氣將磨料（如石(shi)英砂(sha)、剛玉砂(sha)等(deng)(deng)）高(gao)速(su)噴射到鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)面，去除(chu)表(biao)(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)皮、污(wu)垢等(deng)(deng)，同(tong)時可以使(shi)(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)面獲(huo)得(de)均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗糙度，用(yong)(yong)于一(yi)些需(xu)要(yao)增加涂層附著力或者有(you)特殊質感要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。